大家好，今天我们要聊一个有点“黄”的话题——为什么有些癌症患者会变得像柠檬一样黄？别误会，这可不是因为他们突然爱上了柠檬水，而是因为一种叫做“黄疸”的症状，黄疸，听起来像是一种古老的疾病，但实际上,它和现代癌症有着千丝万缕的联系。
让我们来了解一下黄疸是什么，黄疸是一种由于血液中胆红素水平升高而引起的皮肤和眼睛发黄的症状，胆红素是红细胞分解后产生的一种黄色物质，正常情况下，它会通过肝脏处理，然后通过胆汁排出体外，当这个流程出了问题，胆红素就会在血液中积累,导致黄疸。
黄疸和癌症有什么关系呢？这里就要提到我们的主角——肝脏和胆道系统，肝脏是人体最大的解毒器官，也是处理胆红素的主要场所，如果肝脏或胆道系统出了问题，比如被癌症侵袭，那么胆红素的代谢就会受到影响,黄疸也就随之而来。
让我们来看看几种常见的癌症类型,它们是如何导致黄疸的：
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肝癌：肝癌是肝脏本身的癌症，它会直接破坏肝细胞，影响胆红素的代谢，随着癌细胞的扩散，肝脏的功能会逐渐下降,黄疸也就越来越明显。
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胰腺癌：胰腺癌，尤其是胰头癌，会压迫胆总管，阻碍胆汁的流动，胆汁无法正常排出，胆红素就会在血液中积累,导致黄疸。
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胆管癌：胆管癌直接发生在胆管上，它会阻塞胆管，使得胆汁无法顺利排出，这种情况下,黄疸往往是早期症状之一。
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胆囊癌：胆囊癌虽然不常见，但它也会影响胆汁的储存和排放,导致黄疸。
除了这些直接相关的癌症，其他癌症如果转移到肝脏，也会引起黄疸，乳腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌等，如果它们的癌细胞扩散到肝脏，就会影响肝脏的功能,导致黄疸。
黄疸除了让人变黄，还有什么其他症状呢？黄疸患者通常还会感到疲劳、食欲不振、体重下降，甚至出现腹痛和发热，这些症状虽然不特异，但如果伴随黄疸出现,就应该引起高度重视。
诊断黄疸的原因，医生通常会进行一系列的检查，包括血液检查、影像学检查（如超声波、CT、MRI）以及可能的活检，通过这些检查，医生可以确定黄疸的原因,并制定相应的治疗方案。
治疗黄疸的方法取决于其根本原因，如果是癌症引起的黄疸，治疗通常包括手术、化疗、放疗或靶向治疗，对于无法手术的病例,医生可能会采用胆道支架或引流管来缓解黄疸症状。
让我们来谈谈预防，虽然我们无法完全预防癌症，但我们可以通过健康的生活方式来降低风险，保持健康的饮食、定期锻炼、避免吸烟和过量饮酒，以及定期进行体检,都是预防癌症和黄疸的有效方法。
黄疸虽然让人看起来像个柠檬，但它背后可能隐藏着严重的健康问题，如果你或你身边的人出现了黄疸症状，一定要及时就医，早发现、早治疗,才能更好地保护我们的健康。
英文翻译：
Title: Why Do Some Cancer Patients Turn "Yellow" Like a Lemon? – Unveiling the Mysterious Link Between Jaundice and Cancer
Article Content:
Hello everyone, today we're going to talk about a somewhat "yellow" topic – why do some cancer patients turn as yellow as a lemon? Don't get me wrong, it's not because they suddenly fell in love with lemon water, but because of a symptom called "jaundice." Jaundice sounds like an ancient disease, but in reality, it has intricate connections with modern cancer.
First, let's understand what jaundice is. Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced when red blood cells break down. Normally, it is processed by the liver and then excreted through bile. However, when this process is disrupted, bilirubin accumulates in the blood, leading to jaundice.
So, what's the relationship between jaundice and cancer? Here, we need to introduce our main characters – the liver and the biliary system. The liver is the body's largest detoxifying organ and the primary site for bilirubin processing. If the liver or biliary system is compromised, such as by cancer, bilirubin metabolism is affected, and jaundice ensues.
Let's look at a few common types of cancer and how they can lead to jaundice:
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Liver Cancer: Liver cancer directly damages liver cells, affecting bilirubin metabolism. As cancer cells spread, liver function gradually declines, and jaundice becomes more pronounced.
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Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatic cancer, especially pancreatic head cancer, can compress the common bile duct, obstructing bile flow. When bile cannot be excreted normally, bilirubin accumulates in the blood, causing jaundice.
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Bile Duct Cancer: Bile duct cancer occurs directly in the bile ducts, blocking them and preventing bile from being excreted. In such cases, jaundice is often one of the early symptoms.
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Gallbladder Cancer: Although rare, gallbladder cancer can also affect bile storage and excretion, leading to jaundice.
In addition to these directly related cancers, other cancers that metastasize to the liver can also cause jaundice. For example, breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer, if their cancer cells spread to the liver, can impair liver function and cause jaundice.
So, besides turning people yellow, what other symptoms does jaundice cause? Jaundice patients often experience fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and even abdominal pain and fever. While these symptoms are not specific, if they accompany jaundice, they should be taken seriously.
To diagnose the cause of jaundice, doctors typically perform a series of tests, including blood tests, imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT, MRI), and possibly biopsies. Through these tests, doctors can determine the cause of jaundice and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment for jaundice depends on its underlying cause. If jaundice is caused by cancer, treatment usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy. For cases where surgery is not possible, doctors may use biliary stents or drainage tubes to alleviate jaundice symptoms.
Finally, let's talk about prevention. While we cannot completely prevent cancer, we can reduce the risk through a healthy lifestyle. For example, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and regular check-ups are effective ways to prevent cancer and jaundice.
In conclusion, while jaundice may make people look like lemons, it may hide serious health issues. If you or someone you know develops jaundice symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. Early detection and treatment are crucial for protecting our health.
End of Translation
